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Live plant imports: the major pathway for forest insect and pathogen invasions of the US
NCEAS 12587: Britton: Plants for planting
National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis
Andrew
Liebhold
US Department of Agriculture Forest Service
Northern Research Station
Morgantown
West Virginia
USA
aliebhold@fs.fed.us
Xueying
Han
Andrew
Liebhold
associatedParty
Eckehard
Brockerhoff
Co-owner
Lynn
Garrett
Co-owner
Jennifer
Parke
Co-owner
Kerry
Britton
Co-owner
2012-05-22
Data provided here correspond to that of Figure 1 in Liebhold et al. 2012. Live plant imports: the major pathway for forest insect and pathogen invasions of the US. Front Ecol Environ 10(3): 135-143. doi: 10.1890/110198.
All live plants intended for retail and propagative use were used. In addition to including plants with roots, the commodity category--also referred to as "plants for planting" or "nursery stock"--encompasses bulbs, roots, and unrooted cuttings, but excludes cut flowers, ornamental foliage, and seed.
Plants
Imports
Live plant imports
Pathogen invasions
Insect invasions
Invasion pathways
Pests
Plant import regulations
None
no restrictions
digital
1960
2010
Countries from which the US has imported live plants.
-180.0000
180.0000
90.0000
-90.0000
Species
Adelges abietis
Species
Adelges piceae
Species
Adelges tsugae
Species
Aonidiella aurantii
Species
Asterolecanium variolosum
Species
Blastopsylla occidentalis
Species
Carulaspis juniperi
Species
Eulecanium cerasorum
Species
Fiorinia externa
Species
Glycaspis brimblecombei
Species
Icerya purchasi
Species
Lepidosaphes ulmi
Species
Maconellicoccus hirsutus
Species
Matsucoccus matsumurae
Species
Nuculaspis tsugae
Species
Paratachardina pseudolobata
Species
Physokermes picea
Species
Taeniothrips inconsequens
Species
Thrips calcaratus
Species
Profenusa thomsoni
Species
Cyrtepistomus castaneus
Species
Fenusa pusilla
Species
Euproctis chrysorrhoea
Species
Otiorhynchus sulcatus
Species
Enarmonia formosana
Species
Orchestes alni
Species
Xanthogaleruca luteola
Species
Fenusa ulmi
Species
Contarinia baeri
Species
Neodiprion sertifer
Species
Rhyacionia buoliana
Species
Gonipterus scutellatus
Species
Epinotia nanana
Species
Cephalcia lariciphila
Species
Lymantria dispar
Species
Diprion similis
Species
Plagiodera versicolora
Species
Popillia japonica
Species
Coleophora laricella
Species
Pristiphora erichsonii
Species
Pristiphora geniculata
Species
Caulocampus acericaulis
Species
Homadaula anisocentra
Species
Acantholyda erythrocephala
Species
Trichiocampus viminalis
Species
Leucoma salicis
Species
Operophtera brumata
Species
Agrilus planipennis
Species
Agrilus prionurus
Species
Anarsia lineatella
Species
Anoplophora glabripennis
Species
Callidellum rufipenne
Species
Cryptorhynchus lapathi
Species
Hylastes opacus
Species
Hylurgus ligniperda
Species
Orthotomicus erosus
Species
Phoracantha recurva
Species
Scolytus multistriatus
Species
Scolytus schevyrewi
Species
Sirex noctilio
Species
Tomicus piniperda
Species
Xyleborus glabratus
Species
Ceratocystis fagacearum
Species
Cronartium ribicola
Species
Cryphonectria parasitica
Species
Cryptodiaporthe populea
Species
Discula destructiva
Species
Gremmeniella abietina var. abietina
Species
Lachnellula willkommii
Species
Melampsora laricipopulina
Species
Ophiostoma novo-ulmi
Species
Ophiostoma ulmi
Species
Phytophthora cinnamomi
Species
Phytophthora lateralis
Species
Phytophthora ramorum
Species
Raffaelea lauricola
Species
Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum Nair, Kostichka, & Kuntz
Species
Venturia saliciperda
Species
Glomerella miyabeana
Andrew
Liebhold
US Department of Agriculture Forest Service
Northern Research Station
Morgantown
West Virginia
USA
aliebhold@fs.fed.us
Economically significant species and likely invasion pathways
Of the 455 species of non-indigenous forest insects and diseases documented in the US (Aukema et al. 2010. Historical accumulation of non-indigenous forest pests in the continental United States. BioScience 60: 886-97.), 82 were designated as having "high impact". For each of these 82 species, the most likely pathway by which their invasion occurred was identified using previous publications either reporting their invasion history or identifying the pathway given the species' biology. In cases where publications indicating a likely pathway were lacking, the most likely pathway was designated based on the species' biological characteristics and/or historical interceptions at ports-of-entry.
Economically significant species and likely invasion pathways.csv
Economically significant species and likely invasion pathways.csv
24667
1
#x0A
column
,
ecogrid://knb/han.48.1
Type
Type of economically significant species that is presently established in the USA as identified by Aukema et al 2010. Historical accumulation of non-indigenous forest pests in the continental United States. BioScience 60: 886-97.
Sap-feeding insect species
Economically significant sap-feeding insect species presently established in the USA
Foliage-feeding insect species
Economically significant foliage-feeding insect species presently established in the USA
Wood-boring or bark-boring insect species
Economically significant wood-boring or bark-boring insect species presently established in the USA
Pathogen species
Economically significant pathogen species presently established in the USA
Species
Economically significant species scientific name
Genus species
Common name
Common name that is associated with a given scientific name
Common name associated with scientific name
Order: family
Order of the species followed by the family of which it belongs to
Order: family
Most Likely Pathway
Most likely invasion pathway by which the species arrived
Pathway
Other Possible Pathways
Other possible pathways by which a species arrived
Other possible pathways
Details/Notes
Notes about each species and the scenario for the most likely invasion pathway along with references.
Details relating to the invasion pathway
85
References.csv
References.csv
12649
1
#x0A
column
,
ecogrid://knb/han.49.2
References
References for the most likely invasion pathway as identified in the "Details/Notes" section of the "Economically significant species and likely invasion pathways" data package.
Author(s). Year. Title. Journal Vol(IS): pgs.
68