Fear and loathing in food webs NCEAS 9140: Preisser: When, and how much, does fear matter? Quantitatively assessing the impact of predator intimidation of prey on community dynamics National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis Evan Preisser University of Rhode Island

Dept. of Biological Sciences 100 Flagg Rd., University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island 02891 USA

4018742120 4018744256 preisser@uri.edu Evan Preisser Evan Preisser associatedParty Daniel Bolnick Co-owner 2007-12-28 This data set consists of information gathered from published research measuring the non-lethal effect of predators on their prey. For each of 300 published studies, we provide taxonomic information for both predator and prey, the variable(s) being measured, and means and measures of variation for prey in both a non-lethal treatment and a control treatment. Food-web Dynamics Trophic Dynamics Community Dynamics Species Predation Survival Rates GCMD People wishing to use this dataset should contact me (Evan Preisser) and discuss the potential use(s) that they're planning. I have more data than is in the set posted online that hasn't yet been doublechecked for accuracy but that might nonethlesss be quite useful for answering a variety of additional questions. digital 1971-01-01 2005-12-31 Evan Preisser University of Rhode Island

Dept. of Biological Sciences 100 Flagg Rd., University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island 02891 USA

4018742120 4018744256 preisser@uri.edu

Data were extracted from figures and graphs using digital calipers, then entered into the database.

We attempted to find and enter all studies published on nonconsumptive predator effects up to 12/31/2005. The resulting database includes ~200 lines from 300 different studies. We attempted to find and enter all studies published on nonconsumptive predator effects up to 12/31/2005. uid=nceasadmin,o=NCEAS,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all uid=preisser,o=unaffiliated,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read FearDatabase12.27.07.csv Data on nonconsumptive predator effects FearDatabase12.27.07.csv 851246 1 #x0A column #x09 ecogrid://knb/nceasadmin.805.3 Data_Source Source of data? where in the paper the data has been obtained (figure 2a, Text p. 629, etc.) location Reference citation of article citation Line_Number Line # line numbers for each reference. Each row gets a new line number, so each reference can have 1 to X number of lines Line Number System System (freshwater, marine, terrestrial) self-explanatory freshwater self-explanatory marine self-explanatory terrestrial self-explanatory Habitat River, Stream, lake, pond, ephemeral pond, etc. habitat type Study_type Study type (cage, enclosure, aquarium, cattle tank, natural unit) cage if small terrestrial enclosure, enclosure if large terrestrial enclosure, aquarium if small aquatic enclosure, cattle tank if large aquatic enclosure, or the natural unit being manipulated (pond, etc.) cage small terrestrial enclosore enclosue large terrestrial enclosure aquarium small aquatic enclosure cattle tank large aquatic enclosure pond etc. natural unit being manipulated Field_or_Lab Field or lab? field if replicates experience ambient environmental conditions, lab if they do not Field or lab Study_Length Study Length (in days) different lengths of days or reproduction time study length Replicates_treatment self-explanatory dimensionless 1 natural Individuals_replicate Individuals/Replicate dimensionless 1 natural replication_notes Notes on replication notes Food_chain Food chain (verbal description) number corresponding to food web structures (web structres illustration included in data package). Note that this may differ within a single paper (for instance, if the paper reports data on both the predator effect on prey (11), and a predator effect on the prey resources (111)) description Predator_class Predator class (taxonomic grouping) Class Predator_Spp Predator Species Species Name Prey_class Prey class (taxonomic grouping) Prey class Prey_spp Prey species Species Name Resource_class Resource class (taxonomic grouping) Class Name Resource_spp Resource Species Species Name Response_variable Response variable, broad type of response: growth, development time, fecundity, activity, foraging time Response variable response_measured How is response measured? units of response: g/m2, days, # offspring/female measurement type pre-experiment_mean pre-experiment mean, this column is important in the case of population size, density, biomass, mean body size - does not have to have a mean or standard error associated, (some text included in values ?) dimensionless .1 natural pre-experiment_SE pre-experiment: SE (standard error), This column is important in the case of pop size, density, biomass, mean body size - does not have to have a mean or standard error assocated - (some text included in the values ?) dimensionless .01 real pre-experiment_SD pre-experiment: SD (Standard Deviation), This column is important in the case of population size, density, mean body size - does not have to have a mean or standard error associated dimensionless .01 natural Control_verbal_description a verbal description of the control (for example, no predator) description Control_mean Control: mean, will generally be the response in the predator-free treatment dimensionless .000000001 real Control_SE Control: SE (Standard Error), will generally be the response in the predator-free treatment dimensionless .0001 real Control_SD_meta-analysis the standard deviation of the pre-experiment mean, measure the mean tadpole growth of 15 tadpoles per tank in each of the tanks (individuals/replicate=15). The total number of individuals (tadpoles) in each treatment would be 5*15 = 75. dimensionless .0001 real Control:_replicates_trt individuals per replicate of each treatment (so, a experiment might have 5 aquaria with predators and five without (replicates/treatment=5), and then measure the mean tadpole growth of 15 tadpoles per tank in each of the tanks (individuals/replicate=15). The total number of individuals (tadpoles) in each treatment would be 5*15 = 75. dimensionless 1 natural Control_individuals_replicate Control: individuals/replicate, will generally be the response in the predator-free treatment, measure the mean tadpole growth of 15 tadpoles per tank in each of the tanks (individuals/replicate=15). The total number of individuals (tadpoles) in each treatment would be 5*15 = 75. dimensionless 1 natural Control_total_ind Control: total individuals, will generally be the response in the predator-free treatment, measure the mean tadpole growth of 15 tadpoles per tank in each of the tanks (individuals/replicate=15). The total number of individuals (tadpoles) in each treatment would be 5*15 = 75. dimensionless 1 natural Predator_consumption Predator consumption only, also known as consumptive effect, verbal description of treatment, the effect of predator consumption of prey on the prey population. For instance, prey consumption of prey might lower prey densities 10% and prey fear of consumption (so they go and hide, eat less food, and have fewer babies as a result) might lower prey densities 8%. descritpion CE_mean Consumptive effect mean, the effect of predator consumption of prey on the prey population. For instance, prey consumption of prey might lower prey densities 10% and prey fear of consumption (so they go and hide, eat less food, and have fewer babies as a result) might lower prey densities 8%. dimensionless .01 natural CE_SE Consumptive Effect only: SE (Standard Error), will generally be the response in the consumptive effect teatment - this set will often not be filled in for most papers dimensionless .01 real CE_SD Consumptive Effect only: Standard Deviation (for meta-analysis, figured using total # individual/treatment), will generally be the response in the consumptive effect treatment - this set will often not be filled in for most papers dimensionless .01 real CE_replicate_trt Consumptive Effect only: replicates/treatment., will generally be the response in the consumptive effect treatment - this set will often not be filled in for most papers dimensionless 1 natural CE only: individuals/replicate CE only: individuals/replicate, the effect of predator consumption of prey on the prey population dimensionless 1 natural CE_only_ total_ind Consumptive Effect only: total individuals, the effect of predator consumption of prey on the prey population dimensionless 1 natural predator_risk_NCE_verbal predator risk only also known as non-consumptive effect, verbal description of treatment, Generally the response to predator risk alone - virtually all papers will have this description NCE_mean non-consumptive effect only: mean, Generally the response to predator risk alone - virtually all papers will have this dimensionless .0001 real NCE_SE non-consumptive effect only: SE (standard error), Generally the response to predator risk alone - virtually all papers will have this dimensionless .0001 real NCE_SD non-consumptive effect only: Standard Deviation (for meta-analysis, figured using total # individual/treatment), Generally the response to predator risk alone - virtually all papers will have this dimensionless .0001 real NCE_replicates_trt non-consumptive effct only: replicates/treatment., Generally the response to predator risk alone - virtually all papers will have this dimensionless 1 natural NCE_individuals_replicate non-consumptive effect only: individuals/replicate, Generally the response to predator risk alone - virtually all papers will have this dimensionless 1 natural NCE_ ind non-consumptive effect only: total individuals, dimensionless 1 natural lethal_predator_CE_NCE_verbal lethal predator total consumptive effect and non-consumptive effect verbal description of treatment, Generally will contain the response in the lethal predator treatment description CE_NCE_mean consumptive effect and non-consumptive effect: mean, Generally will contain the response in the lethal predator trt dimensionless .01 real CE_NCE_SE consumptive effect and non-consumptive effect: standard error, Generally will contain the response in the lethal predator trt dimensionless .01 real CE_NCE_SD consumptive effect and non-consumptive effect: standard deviation (for meta-analysis, figured using total # individaul/treatment), Generally will contain the response in the lethal predator trt dimensionless .01 real CE_NCE_replicates_trt consumptive effect and non-consumptive effect: consumptive effect and non-consumptive effect: replicates/treatment, Generally will contain the response in the lethal predator trt dimensionless 1 natural CE_NCE_individuals_replicate consumptive effect and non-consumptive effect:: individuals/replicate, Generally will contain the response in the lethal predator trt dimensionless 1 natural CE_NCE_ind consumptive effect and non-consumptive effect: total individuals, Generally will contain the response in the lethal predator treatment dimensionless 1 natural Trophic_level Trophic level on which response is measured (Predator, Prey, Resource) Trophic level Response_variable Type of response variable (density, fecundity, growth, development time, feeding, behavior), will generally be the response in the DM or Consumtive Effect treatment - this set will often not be filled in for most papers Type response_variable_Ben_Det response variable increase represents Benefit (1) Detriment (-1) 1 Benefit -1 Detriment Measured_CE Was consumptive effect measured (1 or 0)? 1 yes 0 no Measured_NCE Was non-consumptive effect measured 1 yes 0 no Measured_TOTAL was the total effect of the predator measured. For instance, did the experiment include a control, a non-lethal treatment, and a lethal predator treatment. If so, the answer would be yes; if it only contained a control and a non-lethal predator treatment, however, the answer would be no. 0 no 1 yes Factors Factors measured (1=NCE only, 2= 2 of 3 terms, 3 = all), (must be checked manually for zero values in any entry) 1 non-consumptive effect 2 2 of 3 Terms (possible terms are consumptive effect, non-consumptive effect, both effects) 3 all terms Trophic_steps # trophic steps (1 or 2), 1 if pred-prey, 2 if pred-prey-resource 1 if pred-prey 2 pred-prey-resource linked_ lines linked to any other lines in this reference? If so, which? Line locations Notes Notes Notes 1945 Food-web structures Illustration of the Food-Web structures FoodWebStructures.jpg jpg illustration file ecogrid://knb/nceasadmin.806.1 change to other object change change Fear_Database_12.27.07_Papers.csv Papers in the Fear database as of February 20, 2006 Fear_Database_12.27.07_Papers.csv 17931 1 #x0A column #x09 ecogrid://knb/nceasadmin.807.1 Papers Papers in database as of 3/20/06 Papers Year Publication Year YYYY 1 Journal Journal Name Name 302